English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

The recent proliferation of cohort studies of long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate air pollution and mortality has led to a significant increase in knowledge about this important global health risk factor. As scientific knowledge has grown, mortality relative risk estimators for fine particulate matter have evolved from simple risk models based on a single study to complex, computationally intensive, integration of multiple independent particulate sources based on nearly one hundred studies. Since its introduction nearly 10 years ago, the integrated exposure-response (IER) model has become the state-of-the art model for such estimates, now used by the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the World Health Organization, the World Bank, the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s benefits assessment software, and scientists worldwide to estimate the burden of disease and examine strategies to improve air quality at global, national, and sub-national scales for outdoor fine particulate air pollution, secondhand smoke, and household pollution from heating and cooking. With each yearly update of the GBD, estimates of the IER continue to evolve, changing with the incorporation of new data and fitting methods. As the number of outdoor fine particulate air pollution cohort studies has grown, including recent estimates of high levels of fine particulate pollution in China, new estimators based solely on outdoor fine particulate air pollution evidence have been proposed which require fewer assumptions than the IER and yield larger relative risk estimates. This paper will discuss the scientific and technical issues analysts should consider regarding the use of these methods to estimate the burden of disease attributable to outdoor fine particulate pollution in their own settings.

Relative Risk Functions for Estimating Excess Mortality Attributable to Outdoor PM2.5 Air Pollution: Evolution and State-of-the-Art