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In carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) projects, the transportation of CO2 by ship can be an attractive alternative to transportation using a pipeline, particularly when the distance between the source and usage or storage location is large. However, a challenge associated with this approach is that the energy consumption of the liquefaction process can be significant, which makes the selection of an energy-efficient design an important factor in the minimization of operating costs. Since the liquefaction process operates at low temperature, its energy consumption varies with ambient temperature, which influences the trade-off point between different liquefaction process designs. A consistent set of data showing the relationship between energy consumption and cooling temperature is therefore useful in the CCUS system modelling. This study addresses this issue by modelling the performance of a variety of CO2 liquefaction processes across a range of ambient temperatures applying a methodical approach for the optimization of process operating parameters. The findings comprise a set of data for the minimum energy consumption cases. The main conclusions of this study are that an open-cycle CO2 process will offer lowest energy consumption below 20 °C cooling temperature and that over the cooling temperature range 15 to 50 °C, the minimum energy consumption for all liquefaction process rises by around 40%.

Optimization of the CO2 Liquefaction Process-Performance Study with Varying Ambient Temperature