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In open and complex underwater environments, targets to be monitored are highly dynamic and exhibit great uncertainty. To optimize monitoring target coverage, the development of a method for adjusting sensor positions based on environments and targets is of crucial importance. In this paper, we propose a distributed hybrid fish swarm optimization algorithm (DHFSOA) based on the influence of water flow and the operation of an artificial fish swarm system to improve the coverage efficacy of the event set and to avoid blind movements of sensor nodes. First, by simulating the behavior of foraging fish, sensor nodes autonomously tend to cover events, with congestion control being used to match node distribution density to event distribution density. Second, the construction of an information pool is used to achieve information-sharing between nodes within the network connection range, to increase the nodes’ field of vision, and to enhance their global search abilities. Finally, we conduct extensive simulation experiments to evaluate network performance in different deployment environments. The results show that the proposed DHFSOA performs well in terms of coverage efficacy, energy efficiency, and convergence rate of the event set.

Event-Driven Sensor Deployment in an Underwater Environment Using a Distributed Hybrid Fish Swarm Optimization Algorithm