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Constant-time technique is of crucial importance to prevent secrets of cryptographic algorithms from leakage by cache attacks. In this paper, we propose Permute-Scatter-Gather, a novel constant-time method for the modular exponentiation that is used in the RSA cryptosystem. On the basis of the scatter-gather design, our method utilizes pseudo-random permutation to obfuscate memory access patterns. Based on this strategy, the resistance against fine-grained cache attacks is ensured, i.e., providing the higher level of security than the existing scatter-gather implementations. Evaluation shows that our method outperforms the OpenSSL library at most 11% in the mainstream Intel processors.

Fast and Secure Implementation of Modular Exponentiation for Mitigating Fine-Grained Cache Attacks