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The dynamic evolution characteristics of fracture are crucial to analyzing the development of coal and rock mass instability, gas diffusion law, and dynamic disaster prediction. These characteristics affect coal rock fractures and gas-induced disaster channels. Based on the experimental results, we found the following: In areas rich in both coal and oil, the coal mass damage due to high-pressure oil diffusion was inversely correlated with the distance of the coal mass from the disaster source. Moreover, as the coal mass became closer to the disaster source in the abandoned oil well, the average CT number reduced, mechanical performance diminished, fracture volume ratio increased, and capacity of the oil and gas storage improved. The four-dimensional analysis of the rock evolution and strength grade showed that coal mass stress, fracture propagation, and AE incidents were characterized by a low-strength compression stage featured by tensile fractures, medium-strength elastic stage with shear fractures replacing tensile fractures, and high-strength rapid fracture stage with rapid growth in shear fracture quantity and intensity. The dynamic conversion between coal mass instability disaster in coal and oil resources co-storage areas and oil and gas disaster was clarified. We propose high strength, high RA, and low AF of AE incidents in the rapid fracturing stage as the qualitative warning factors for the fracture of coal mass and the occurrence of oil and gas disaster.

Dynamic Evolution Characteristics of Oil–Gas Coupling Fractures and Dynamic Disaster of Coal Mass in Coal and Oil Resources Co-Storage Areas