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The exceptional physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have the potential to transform materials science and various industrial applications. However, to exploit their unique properties in carbon-based electronics, CNTs regularly need to be chemically interfaced with metals. Although CNTs can be directly synthesized on metal substrates, this process typically requires temperatures above 350 °C, which is not compatible for many applications. Additionally, the CNTs employed here were highly densified, making them suitable as interconnecting materials for electronic applications. This paper reports a method for the chemical bonding of vertically aligned CNTs onto metal substrates that avoids the need for high temperatures and can be performed at temperatures as low as 80 °C. Open-ended CNTs were directly bonded onto Cu and Pt substrates that had been functionalized using diazonium radical reactive species, thus allowing bond formation with the open-ended CNTs. Careful control during grafting of the organic species onto the metal substrates resulted in functional group uniformity, as demonstrated by FT-IR analysis. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the formation of direct connections between the vertically aligned CNTs and the metal substrates. Furthermore, electrochemical characterization and application as a sensor revealed the nature of the bonding between the CNTs and the metal substrates.

Chemical Bond Formation between Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes and Metal Substrates at Low Temperatures