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Saururus chinensis (SC), a traditional medicine, has been used for the treatment of edema, jaundice, gonorrhea, and several inflammatory diseases in China and Korea. Our previous studies reported the anti-osteoporotic activity of SC extract (SCE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats but the mechanism of this effect was unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-osteoporotic effect of SCE and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in ovariectomized rats using a metabolomics approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS) to analyze metabolic changes. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham, OVX, and SCE treatment groups. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plots separated OVX and sham groups fairly well. Further, 22 potential biomarkers were identified in the rat models of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, and SCE showed regulatory effects on three vital metabolic pathways associated with these biomarkers, namely, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. The metabolomics approach reliably confirmed that SCE exerted its anti-osteoporotic effect by intervening with lipid metabolism, thus preventing osteoporosis. This study also showed the promising potential of this approach in an evaluation of natural medicine efficacy.

Saururus chinensis Prevents Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats: A Metabolomic Study Using UPLC/Q-TOF MS