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The aim is to evaluate whether apigenin K and melatonin M5250 were able to stimulate bone formation after tooth extraction at one, two, and three months follow-up. Six male beagle dogs were used. Apigenin K and melatonin M5250 immersed in hemostatic collagen sponges were placed in the third and fourth premolar and the first molar extracted sockets; the second premolar was used as control. At one, two, and three months, bone core biopsies were performed, and picrosirius–hematoxylin was used for the staining process. In the first month, a higher amount of calcified bone tissue was observed in the melatonin (77.87% ± 1.2%) and apigenin K (69.81% ± 1.8%) groups than the control group (57.27% ± 0.54%), with apparent discrepancies in values between the three groups (p < 0.04). In the second month, there was a considerable improvement in the results in the areas with melatonin (79.81% ± 0.11%) than in those of apigenin K (71.65% ± 0.52%) and control (64.77% ± 0.44%) (p < 0.04). In the third month, the number of mature bone was similar to all the groups. The creation of new bone was significant in the melatonin group (82.78% ± 0.87%), followed by the apigenin K group (78.76% ± 0.43%) and the control group (57.27% ± 0.11%). From this experimental study in dogs, it can be concluded that melatonin and apigenin K can accelerate the process of mineralization of the bone matrix, and thus the creation of laminae in the early stages of healing (1 month). Less reabsorption of the post-extraction sockets can be expected with the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K. It seems that the stimulatory effects of bone healing induced Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3006; doi:10.3390/app10093006 This paper has been retracted. A retraction notice was published on 25 August 2020 in Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5865; doi:10.3390/app10175865 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci RE TR AC TE D Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3006 2 of 15 by the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K are defect-size-dependent, being more evident in small defects compared to larger defects.

applied sciences

RETRACTED: Experimental Study on the Influence of Apigenin K and Melatonin in Socket Preservation as Bone Stimulators: An Experimental Study in Beagle Dogs