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Great improvement recently appeared in terms of efficient service delivery in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for Internet of things (IoT). The IoT is mainly dependent on optimal routing of energy-aware WSNs for gathering data. In addition, as the wireless charging technology develops in leaps and bounds, the performance of rechargeable wireless sensor networks (RWSNs) is greatly ameliorated. Many researches integrated wireless energy transfer into data gathering to prolong network lifetime. However, the mobile collector cannot visit all nodes under the constraints of charging efficiency and gathering delay. Thus, energy consumption differences caused by different upload distances to collectors impose a great challenge in balancing energy. In this paper, we propose an adaptive dual-mode routing-based mobile data gathering algorithm (ADRMDGA) in RWSNs for IoT. The energy replenishment capability is reasonably allocated to low-energy nodes according to our objective function. Furthermore, the innovative adaptive dual-mode routing allows nodes to choose direct or multi-hop upload modes according to their relative upload distances. The empirical study confirms that ADRMDGA has excellent energy equilibrium and effectively extends the network lifetime.

Adaptive Dual-Mode Routing-Based Mobile Data Gathering Algorithm in Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks for Internet of Things