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Studying the movement law and influencing factors of fertilizer in soil and controlling fertilizer distribution can improve the quality of fertilization, which is of great significance for promoting crop yield. In this paper, a 3D simulation model of the hill-drop fertilizer device and soil was established by the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm, and the simulation model was modified using the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, and fertilizer movement in the soil under the disturbance of the cover was simulated and analyzed by the SPH algorithm. Orthogonal simulation experiments and the range analysis method were used to study the overall displacement and deformation of fertilizer, and the key factors affecting fertilizer movement were analyzed. After fertilization, the soil was layered with a soil sampler, and a digital image processing method was used to detect the fertilizer distribution in different soil depths; then, the fertilizer movement was inferred. The results of the field experiment showed that the trend of fertilizer movement was consistent with the results of the simulation experiment, which provides a reference for studying the movement and distribution of fertilizer in soil.

Analysis of Movement Law and Influencing Factors of Hill-Drop Fertilizer Based on SPH Algorithm