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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL), known as risk factors for cardiovascular disease, have been observed in plasma and atheromatous plaques. In a previous study, the content of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) species stayed constant in isolated in vivo oxLDL but increased in copper-induced oxLDL in vitro. In this study, we prepared synthetic deuterium-labeled 1-palmitoyl lysoPC and palmitoyl-glutaroyl PC (PGPC), a short chain-oxPC to elucidate the metabolic fate of oxPC and lysoPC in oxLDL in the presence of HDL. When LDL preloaded with d 13 -lysoPC was mixed with HDL, d 13 -lysoPC was recovered in both the LDL and HDL fractions equally. d 13 -LysoPC decreased by 50% after 4 h of incubation, while d 13 -PC increased in both fractions. Diacyl-PC production was abolished by an inhibitor of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). When d 13 -PGPC-preloaded LDL was incubated with HDL, d 13 -PGPC was transferred to HDL in a dose-dependent manner when both LCAT and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) were inhibited. Lp-PLA 2 in both HDL and LDL was responsible for the hydrolysis of d 13 -PGPC. These results suggest that short chain-oxPC and lysoPC can transfer between lipoproteins quickly and can be enzymatically converted from oxPC to lysoPC and from lysoPC to diacyl-PC in the presence of HDL.

Transfer and Enzyme-Mediated Metabolism of Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine and Lysophosphatidylcholine between Low- and High-Density Lipoproteins