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Changes in the level of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a good indicator to monitor fluctuations in cellular metabolism and in the stress responses. In this study, the changes in H 2 O 2 content during bud endodormancy (ED) and budbreak were analysed in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). The results showed a gradual increase in the H 2 O 2 content during the development of bud ED, which was mainly due to an increase in the activity of peroxidases (PODs). The maximum H 2 O 2 content reached in the grapevine buds coincided with the maximum depth of bud ED. In contrast, during budbreak, the H 2 O 2 content decreased. As the plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and auxin play an important role in budbreak and growth resumption in grapevine, the effect of exogenous applications of H 2 O 2 on the expression of genes involved in CK and auxin metabolism was analysed. The results showed that H 2 O 2 represses the expression of the CK biosynthesis genes VvIPT3a and VvLOG1 and induces the expression of the CK-inactivating gene VvCKX3 , thus reducing potentially the CK content in the grapevine bud. On the other hand, H 2 O 2 induced the expression of the auxin biosynthesis genes VvAMI1 and VvYUC3 and of the auxin transporter gene VvPIN3 , thus increasing potentially the auxin content and auxin transport in grapevine buds. In general, the results suggest that H 2 O 2 in grapevine buds is associated with the depth of ED and negatively regulates its budbreak.

Hydrogen Peroxide Increases during Endodormancy and Decreases during Budbreak in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Buds