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Heat stress (HS) is an environmental stressor challenging poultry production and requires a strategy to cope with it. A total of 288-day-old male broiler chicks were fed with one of the following diets: basal diet, basal with betaine (BET), or with selenium and vitamin E (AOX), or with a combination of BET and AOX, under thermoneutral and cyclic HS. Results showed that HS reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) ( p = 0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) ( p &lt; 0.001), and impaired feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( p = 0.03) during rearing period (0⁻42 day). BET increased ADG ( p = 0.001) and decreased FCR ( p = 0.02), whereas AOX had no effects. Breast muscle weight was decreased by HS ( p &lt; 0.001) and increased by BET ( p &lt; 0.001). Rectal temperature was increased by HS ( p &lt; 0.001) and improved by BET overall. Respiration rate was increased by HS ( p &lt; 0.001), but BET decreased it during HS ( p = 0.04). Jejunum transepithelial resistance was reduced by HS and had no effect on permeability whereas BET increased jejunum permeability ( p = 0.013). Overall, the reductions in ADG of broiler chickens during HS were ameliorated by supplementation with BET, with much of the increase in ADG being breast muscle.

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Betaine and Antioxidants Improve Growth Performance, Breast Muscle Development and Ameliorate Thermoregulatory Responses to Cyclic Heat Exposure in Broiler Chickens