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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different inclusion levels (0%, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28%) of soybean meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus (SMFL) on the zootechnical performance and intestinal health of South American catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and four replications and lasted 56 days. Five isoproteic (39% crude protein) and isoenergetic (4300 kcal of gross energy kg−1) diets were formulated where SMFL was included in replacement of fish meal. Two hundred forty South American catfish juveniles (3.0 ± 0.5 g) were distributed in 20 tanks (70 L) connected in a recirculation aquaculture system. At the end of the experiment, the inclusion of SMFL up to 21% in replacement of fish meal did not affect the zootechnical performance and also decreased the concentration of Vibrionaceae bacteria present in the intestine compared to the control group. The amount of total lactic and heterotrophic bacteria, the enzymatic activity and the intestinal morphometry did not differ between dietary treatments. The results demonstrate that fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus enables greater inclusion of soybean protein in South American catfish diets and promotes the control of intestinal pathogenic bacteria.

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Fermentation of Soybean Meal with Lactobacillus acidophilus Allows Greater Inclusion of Vegetable Protein in the Diet and Can Reduce Vibrionacea in the Intestine of the South American Catfish (Rhamdia quelen)