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Simple Summary  This is a novel study that explored the function of bta-miR-149-5p in the lipid metabolism of bovine adipocytes. Previously, we explored the role of bta-miR-149-5p gene in proliferation and differentiation of bovine adipocytes; however, the underlying mechanism of bta-miR-149-5p function in the regulation of lipid metabolism and adipogenesis in bovine adipocytes is unexplored. A transcriptomic study with integration of bioinformatics study was performed to fully explore the function of bta-miR-149-5p microRNA in bovine adipogenesis. This study will help the scientific community deal with lipogenesis for the breed improvement program of cattle for the provision of healthy meat to consumers.Abstract  Intramuscular fat is a real challenge for the experts of animal science to improve meat quality traits. Research on the mechanism of adipogenesis provides invaluable information for the improvement of meat quality traits. This study investigated the effect of bta-miR-149-5p and its underlying mechanism on lipid metabolism in bovine adipocytes. Bovine adipocytes were differentiated and transfected with bta-miR-149-5p mimics or its negative control (NC). A total of 115 DEGs including 72 upregulated and 43 downregulated genes were identified in bovine adipocytes. The unigenes and GO term biological processes were the most annotated unigene contributor parts at 80.08%, followed by cellular component at 13.4% and molecular function at 6.7%. The KEGG pathways regulated by the DEGs were PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway, lipid metabolism/metabolic pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, Wnt signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. In addition to this, the most important reactome enrichment pathways were R−BTA−373813 receptor CXCR2 binding ligands CXCL1 to 7, R−BTA−373791 receptor CXCR1 binding CXCL6 and CXCL8 ligands, R−BTA−210991 basigin interactions, R−BTA−380108 chemokine receptors binding chemokines, R−BTA−445704 calcium binding caldesmon, and R−BTA−5669034 TNFs binding their physiological receptors. Furthermore, the expression trend of the DEGs in these pathways were also exploited. Moreover, the bta-miR-149-5p significantly ( p  < 0.01) downregulated the mRNA levels of adipogenic marker genes such as CCND2, KLF6, ACSL1, Cdk2, SCD, SIK2, and ZEB1 in bovine adipocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that bta-miR-149-5p regulates lipid metabolism in bovine adipocytes. The results of this study provide a basis for studying the function and molecular mechanism of the bta-miR-149-5p in regulating bovine adipogenesis.

RNA-Seq Reveals Function of Bta-miR-149-5p in the Regulation of Bovine Adipocyte Differentiation