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Simple Summary  There is a trend of more black hided beef cattle globally, yet cattle on rangelands have limited thermoregulation options. I measured the winter albedo of cows in fresh snow with pixel analysis ( n  = 3 images) and then external cattle temperatures (Temp cow ), and the differences (ΔT) between Temp cow  and ambient air temperature (Temp amb ) of 638 Temp cow  × Temp amb  combinations for white ( n  = 183), red ( n  = 158), and black ( n  = 297)  Bos taurus  females. Cattle were free roaming extensive Wyoming, USA rangelands along a broad thermal gradient (≈−33 °C to +33 °C) from 2016 to 2018. Albedo differed for white, red, and black cows (0.69, 0.16, and 0.04, respectively). Temp cow  was explained by Temp amb , clear sky insolation index, and cow albedo. However, ΔT was explained by Temp amb , long-wave infrared radiation, Temp cow , and cow albedo. Temp cow  suggests red and black cows experience ~2× higher values than white cows at the coldest temperatures.    Abstract  Cattle in high-elevation rangelands experience cold and hot extremes. Given the increase in black hided cattle globally, thermoregulation options on rangelands, and hide color function affecting mammal thermal ecology, this study quantified winter albedo, external cattle temperatures (Temp cow ), and differences (ΔT) between Temp cow  and ambient air temperature (Temp amb ), for different color cattle along a thermal gradient (≈−33 °C to +33 °C). From 2016 to 2018, I measured 638 individual Temp cow  × Temp amb  combinations for white ( n  = 183), red ( n  = 158), and black ( n  = 297)  Bos taurus  female cattle free roaming extensive Wyoming, USA rangelands. Pixel brightness of cow images relative to snow indicated mean (±standard error) albedo for white, red, and black cows ( n  = 3 of each) was 0.69 (±0.15), 0.16 (±0.04), and 0.04 (±0.01), respectively ( p  = 0.0027). Temp cow  was explained by Temp amb  (+), clear sky insolation index (+), and cow albedo (−). However, ΔT was explained by Temp amb  (−), long-wave radiation (infrared; Rad LW  (−)), Temp cow  (+), and cow albedo (+). Temp amb  relative to ΔT was correlated for all hide colors (all  p -values < 0.0001; all  r  2  values > 0.7)), yet slopes ( m ) were ~2× greater for red and black cows than white cows.

Albedo and Thermal Ecology of White, Red, and Black Cows (Bos taurus) in a Cold Rangeland Environment