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Simple Summary  The purpose of this study was to detect polymorphism in thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein gene ( THRSP ) and analyze its influence on the fatty acid composition of milk in Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cattle. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected and determined in 224 cows. It was demonstrated that the analyzed variant had a significant influence on several fatty acids content in milk. Obtained results could be applied in breeding programs for improving the quality of milk.    Abstract  Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein is involved in the  de novo  synthesis of fatty acids in the lactating mammary gland. Different variants of the gene that encodes this protein may be associated with its different activity. The primary aim of this study was to find polymorphism in the  THRSP  gene and estimate the relationship between individual genotypes and fatty acid composition in milk. Investigations were carried out on 224 cows represented by two breeds—Jersey ( n  = 80) and Polish Holstein-Friesian ( n  = 144). Polymorphism in  THRSP  was detected by Sanger sequencing; however, genotypes were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. It was shown that the analyzed variant had a significant ( p  < 0.05) influence on palmitic and stearic fatty acids as well as on fatty acids with a chain length of 14, 16, and 6–16 in Jersey breed and on caproic, palmitic, myristoleic, and palmitoleic fatty acids in H-F. Obtained results indicated that analyzed SNP in bovine  THRSP  gene (rs42714482) may be considered as a potential marker for fatty acid composition in milk

Association between THRSP Gene Polymorphism and Fatty Acid Composition in Milk of Dairy Cows