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This study evaluated the effect of anandamide (AEA) on interleukin (IL)-1β synthesis and gene expression of IL-1β , its type I ( IL-1R1 ) and II ( IL-1R2 ) receptors, and IL-1 receptor antagonist ( IL-1RN ) in the hypothalamic structures, involved in the central control of reproduction, during inflammation. Animals were intravenously (i.v.) injected with bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (400 ng/kg) or saline, and two hours after LPS administration., a third group received i.v. injection of AEA (10 μg/kg). Ewes were euthanized one hour later. AEA injection ( p &lt; 0.05) suppressed LPS-induced expression of IL-1β protein in the hypothalamus. The gene expression of IL-1β , IL-1RN , and IL-1R2 in the hypothalamic structures was higher ( p &lt; 0.05) in animals treated with both LPS and AEA in comparison to other experimental groups. AEA administration did not influence LPS-stimulated IL-1R1 gene expression. Our study shows that AEA suppressed IL-1β synthesis in the hypothalamus, likely affecting posttranscriptional levels of this cytokine synthesis. However, anti-inflammatory effect of AEA might also result from its stimulating action on IL-1RN and IL-1R2 gene expression. These results indicate the potential of endocannabinoids and/or their metabolites in the inhibition of inflammatory process at the level of central nervous system, and therefore their usefulness in the therapy of inflammation-induced neuroendocrine disorders.

Anandamide Influences Interleukin-1β Synthesis and IL-1 System Gene Expressions in the Ovine Hypothalamus during Endo-Toxin-Induced Inflammation