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Simple Summary  Avian coccidiosis is the leading parasitic disease in the poultry industry and means to control its damages continue to be explored. This study evaluated the feeding effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan on expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of commercial broiler chickens during an  Eimeria  challenge. The study consisted of two dietary treatments (0% or 0.1% β-glucan) each with or without a coccidiosis challenge. There were significant effects from dietary β-glucan,  Eimeria  challenge, and their interaction for several gene targets in the spleen, thymus, and bursa on days 10 and 14 of age. Based on the current results, supplementation of dietary β-glucan in  Eimeria -challenged birds enhanced and modulated the expression of immune response genes during coccidiosis.    Abstract  This study investigated the effects of a yeast-derived β-glucan (Auxoferm YGT) supplementation on mRNA expression of immune response genes in the spleen, thymus, and bursa of broiler chickens during a mixed  Eimeria  infection. Day (d)-old chicks ( n  = 1440) were fed diets containing 0% or 0.1% YGT. On d 8 post-hatch, half the replicate pens ( n  = 8) were challenged with a mixed inoculum of  E. acervulina ,  E. maxima , and  E. tenella . On d 10 and d 14 post-hatch, the spleen, thymus, and bursa were collected to evaluate mRNA abundance by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX model (2-way interaction) and differences were established by LS-MEANS with significance reported at  p  ≤ 0.05. In spleen tissues at d 10, expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in both 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. In thymus tissues at d 14, expression of IL-10, IL-17F, interferon (IFN)-γ, iNOS, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were elevated in challenged birds fed 0.1% YGT. In bursal tissues at d 10 and d 14, expression of IL-10, IFN-γ, iNOS (d 10 only), and MIF were elevated in 0.1% YGT-fed challenged and non-challenged birds. Dietary β-glucan supplementation to chicken diets modulated their immune response to the  Eimeria  challenge.

The Modulating Effect of Dietary Beta-Glucan Supplementation on Expression of Immune Response Genes of Broilers during a Coccidiosis Challenge