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This study investigated the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Fatty acid desaturase 2 ( FADS2 ) gene and further explored their genetic effects on conventionally collected milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows using 18,264 test-day records of 841 cows. One missense mutation c. 908 C &gt; T (SNP site in the complementary DNA sequence), which caused an amino acid change from alanine to valine (294Ala &gt; Val), and two 3' untranslated region (UTR) SNPs, c.1571 G &gt; A and c.2776 A &gt; G were finally identified. The SNP c.908 C &gt; T was significantly associated with test-day milk yield, fat percentage and 305-day milk, fat and protein yield. In particular, the T allele of the SNP c.908 C &gt; T showed a significant association with decreased somatic cell score (SCS) in the investigated population. Significant relationship between the SNP c.1571 G &gt; A and 305-day milk yield showed that genotype GG was linked to the highest milk yield. Substituting the allele G for A at the c.2776 A &gt; G locus resulted in a decrease of protein percentage. Our results demonstrated that FADS2 was an interesting candidate for selection to increase milk production and improve resistance against mastitis.

Polymorphisms in Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 Gene Are Associated with Milk Production Traits in Chinese Holstein Cows