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Simple Summary  The connection between animal health and gut microbiota has been studied during the past years through different diet modulation experiments; however, there is still a paucity of information about the prebiotic functions in the gastrointestinal tract of companion animals. Considering this, a population of dogs living in the same environment has been subjected to a nutritional study, with different doses of proanthocyanidins extracted from grapevine supplied to the diet. Characterization of the gut microbiota and data from endocrine analysis in saliva have been collected. Dogs responded differently to the dietary intervention, and results underlined the existence of a difference between subjects in terms of fecal microorganisms and neuroendocrine markers, leading us to think the balance of gut microbiota is going to play a strong role in diet formulation based on host health modulation.    Abstract  Several studies on the interaction between gut microbiota and diets, including prebiotics, have been reported in dogs, but no data are available about the effects of dietary administration of grape proanthocyanidins. In the study, 24 healthy adult dogs of different breeds were recruited and divided in 3 groups of 8 subjects each. A group was fed with a control diet (D0), whilst the others were supplemented with 1 (D1) or 3 (D3) mg/kg live weight of grape proanthocyanidins. Samples of feces were collected at the beginning and after 14 and 28 days for microbiota, short chain fatty acid, and lactic acid analysis. Serotonin and cortisol were measured in saliva, collected at the beginning of the study and after 28 days. A significantly higher abundance ( p  < 0.01) of  Enterococcus  and  Adlercreutzia  were observed in D0, whilst  Escherichia  and  Eubacterium  were higher in D1.  Fusobacterium  and  Phascolarctobacterium  were higher ( p  < 0.01) in D3. Salivary serotonin increased ( p  < 0.01) at T28 for D1 and D3 groups but cortisol did not vary. Proanthocyanidins administration influenced the fecal microbiota and neuroendocrine response of dogs, but a high variability of taxa was observed, suggesting a uniqueness and stability of fecal microbiota related to the individual.

animals

Interplay between Neuroendocrine Biomarkers and Gut Microbiota in Dogs Supplemented with Grape Proanthocyanidins: Results of Dietary Intervention Study