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In this study piglets were injected with testosterone propionate (TP, an androgen), flutamide (FLU, an antiandrogen), 4- tert -octylphenol (OP, an estrogenic compound), ICI 182,780 (ICI, an antiestrogen) or corn oil (controls) between postnatal days 1 and 10 ( N = 5/group). Then plasma anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration and the expression of their receptors were examined in the adult pig ovary. TP and FLU decreased plasma AMH and FSH concentration. In preantral follicles, TP resulted in upregulation of AMHR2 and FSHR expression, but decreased AMH protein abundance. FLU upregulated AMHR2 expression, while OP increased FSHR mRNA. In small antral follicles, OP upregulated ACVR1 and BMPR1A expression, while FLU increased BMPR1A mRNA. FLU and ICI resulted in upregulation of AMHR2 expression. TP and FLU upregulated AMH expression, while it was downregulated in response to OP or ICI. Moreover, OP and ICI resulted in downregulation of FSHR expression, while FLU decreased FSHR protein abundance. In conclusion, neonatal exposure to either agonist or antagonist of androgen receptor affected AMH and FSH signalling systems in preantral follicles. In small antral follicles these systems were influenced by compounds with estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and antiandrogenic activity. Consequently, these hormonal agents may cause an accelerated recruitment of primordial follicles and affect the cycling recruitment of small antral follicles in pigs.

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Neonatal Exposure to Agonists and Antagonists of Sex Steroid Receptors Affects AMH and FSH Plasma Level and Their Receptors Expression in the Adult Pig Ovary