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This study examined the effects of changes to application methods, application time, and combinations of different extracts on the growth and yield of cucumbers. Chlorophyll and photosynthetic efficiency levels in cucumber plants were also measured after receiving treatments of selected liquid fertilizers. Mineral nutrition levels in both extracts themselves and the test plants were measured. Crude protein, crude fat, ash, total phenol and flavonoid contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in cucumber were determined. Cucumber plant height and shoot fresh weight at 7 and 14 days after treatments generally increased significantly regardless of the extraction methods or extract materials. On the other hand, cucumber leaf number was similar regardless of the extracts used. The application frequency effects differed according to the extraction methods, extracts, and parameters investigated. In addition, the combinations of extracts did not produce significant increases in cucumber plant growth. Cucumber fruit weight was 17–81%, 10–61%, and 10–45% higher than the control or oil cake when the plants were treated with fermentation, boiled water, and water extracts, respectively. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber plants treated with various extracts did not vary significantly. Extracts with the highest mineral nutrients were not effective growth promotors of cucumber plants. This means that growth promotion may not be caused by high levels of one specific macro or micro element but by some specific combinations of various elements. Compared to the control, most elements in the cucumber leaves decreased significantly when treated with most of the extracts. Generally, crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were not negatively affected by the extract treatments. Moreover, most of the extracts did not adversely affect total phenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Thus, these extracts may be used for growth promotion without negative effects to primary and secondary substances in organically cultivated crop fields.

Application of Various Extracts Enhances the Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) without Compromising the Biochemical Content