EFFECT OF FENUGREEK SEEDS ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN BROILER BREEDERS MALES

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Fenugreek seeds treatment ( Trigonella foenum graecum ) on blood parameters of broiler breeder males , the study include 4 groups ( 9 Arbor Acres cock , each ) 65 weeks aged , 1group : Control: reared on standard ration. 2The 1 st : reared on standard ration ,supplemented 10 gm / kg ration once weekly 2The 2 nd : reared on standard ration, supplemented 10 gm / kg ration twice weekly .4The 3 rd : reared on standard ration, supplemented 10 gm / kg ration daily. The treatment continue for 8 weeks .Fenugreek seeds improve blood picture as compared with control represented by the significant increase in the RBCs ( 2.55 and 2.92 million / mm3 ) and hemoglobin concentration ( 12.51 and 14.43 gm /dl ) and PCV ( 31.8 and 34.26 % ) in the2nd and 3rd group , also a significant increase in the thrombocytes count ( 15002 , 17272 and 21553 / mm3 ) in the 1st, 2nd and 3 rd groups , this was reflected on the significant reduction of the clotting time in the 3rd group ( 53.33 seconds ) , treatment has no effects on the T.WBC , on the other hand , there was a significant decrease in the Hetrophils % in the2nd and 3rd groups ( 23 % and 19.44 % ) , a significant increase in lymphocytes % in the 3rd group ( 72.33 % ) and a significant decrease in the Hetrophils : Lymphocytes in the3rd and 2nd groups( 34.0 and 26.44 % ) . Treatment also causes a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in the 2nd and 3rd groups ( 264.02 and 229.01 mg/dl ), cholesterol level in the 3rd ( 134.71mg/dl ) and triglycerides level in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd groups ( 160.88 and 150.84 and 120.38 mg / 100 ml ) respectively . In general , the study revealed that Fenugreek seeds improve some blood characters in advance aged broiler breeder males. INTRODUCTION The big advances in poultry industry inorder to reach the marketing weight of broilers in 35 days( wepruk and Church,2003 ),causes a reduction in the immunity of birds and their resistance to diseases (Saif etal., 2003),also, this leads to an increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders as asitis, fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome, skeleton disturbances and leg abnormalities (Gonzalez etal., 2000;Alkattan,2006 ).On the other hand ,many diseases and metabolic disorders were accompanied with a disturbance in the antioxidant status ,and in the recent years there is a great attention with the plants and herbs that posses an antioxidant activity (Abdul-Rahman and Alkattan,2006 ;Taha,2008 ) inorder to determine their role in the reduction and/or protection form reactive oxygen species. In poultry production , broiler breeder males are important source of supplying broiler fields with chicken , and due to nature of nutritional and management programs, they were subjected to an increased risk of oxidative stress which affect also the physiological Received 13 /6 /2012 accepted 1 / 10 / 2012 Vol. ( 40 ) Suppl. ( 2 ) 2012 ISSN: 2224-9796 (Online) Mesoptamia J. of Agri ISSN: 1815 – 316 X (Print) 2 ( Salah,2008) and reproductive performance Suria,1998 ) of that broiler breeder males .Recently, Abdul Rahman etal.,( 2010 ) investigate the role of Fenugreek seeds supplentation to the ration of aged broiler breeder males in activation of reproductive performance and improving semen quality inorder to elongate their productive age. Also Mohammad,(2012) and Ahmad and Mohammad,(2012) use fenugreek seeds to improve their reproductive the performance in aged laying breeders( Isa Brown ),and Abdulrahman and Alobaidy ( 2012) and Alobaidy, (2012 ), also use fenugreek seeds to enhance the productive and physiological performance of aged laying breeders ( Isa brown ). This study aimed to investigate the effects of Fenugreek seeds on some physiological and biochemical parameters of aged broiler breeder males . MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 36 Arbor Acres cocks ( 65 weeks aged ) , which divided randomly into 4 groups ( 9 birds each ).The treatment continued for 8 weeks with Fenugreek seeds( Trigonella foenum gracum ) which belongs to the family Leguminosae . Ration ( 15.5 % protein and 2825 Kcal/Kg ) was formulated according to NRC( 1994 ) and supplied daily for the birds ( 136 gm/bird/day ) . -Treatments:1 st group: reared on standard ration (control). 2 nd group ; reared on standard ration supplemented with 10 gm Fenugreek seeds powder /kg ration once weekly . 3 rd group ; reared on standard ration supplemented with 10 gm Fenugreek seeds powder /kg ration twice weekly . 4 th group ; reared on standard ration supplemented with 10 gm Fenugreek seeds powder /kg ration daily . -Collection of blood samples : At the end of the 8 th week of treatment blood samples were collected from wing vein , blood was divided into 2 parts, one with anticoagulanto ( EDTA ) and used for blood picture examination ,the other part ( without anticoagulant ) was used to separate the serum which stored at ( 20 C 5 ) and used for determination of biochemical parameters. -Measurements : Total red blood cells count ( RBC ), total white blood cells count (WBC) and differential leucocytes were measured according to Campbell, ( 1995 ).Hemoglobin concentration ( Hb ) ,Packed cell volume ( PCV ) and Clotting time were measured according to Jain, ( 1986 ) .Thrombocytes count according to Campbell, ( 1995 ) by the use of blood slide stained with Wright 's stain and the total thrombocytes was determined according to equation : Estimated Thrombocytes count/mm 3 = 000 . 500 . 3 1000 5 sin . fields yte ofthromboc AverageNo Then the reading were corrected when the PCV reading are outside the range of ( 40 – 50% ) by the use of the equation : Vol. ( 40 ) Suppl. ( 2 ) 2012 ISSN: 2224-9796 (Online) Mesoptamia J. of Agri ISSN: 1815 – 316 X (Print) 3 Corrected thrombocytes count/mm 3 = PCV normal PCV observed count es thrombocyt * Normal PCV = 45 Serum glucose , triglycerides and cholesterol were determined by the use of enzymatic test kits ( Bio lab, France ) . -Statistical analysis : was done by of one way analysis of variance ,and specific groups differences were determined by Duncan ' s multiple range test at p ≤ 0.05 significant level by using SAS program ( 2000 ). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The Fenugreek seeds treatment enhances the erythropoiesis as shown by the significant increase in the RBCs, Hb concentration and PCV% specially in the 3 rd and 4 th groups as compared with the control ( Table 1) also treatments causes a significant increase in the total thrombocyte counts which directly proportionate with the frequency of treatment .Also daily Fenugreek treatment improve significantly the clotting time as compared with control group ( table 1 ).this improvement in erythropoisis may be related to the enhancement of antioxidant activity in RBCs ( Jain,1989 ) revealed that the metabolic activities of the RBCs produces Free radicals that destroy Hb which precipitated as Heinz bodies and causes the hemolysis of RBCs( Taha, 2008) showed that the experimentally – induced oxidative stress in broiler breeder males causes a deterioration in antioxidant status in the testis and seminal plasma as represented in the reduction of glutathione (GSH ) and the elevation of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , on the other hands , many studies like ( Alkattan ,2006; Taha,2008 ) revealed that Fenugreek seeds possess antioxidant activity which increase the stability of RBC membranes through the formation of fatty complexes in the cell membranes that prevent or reduce the Free radicals effects ( Erin etal.,1984 ) ,this was reflected in an increase in the RBCs ,and also on increase in Hb and PCV% due to the presence of significant positive correlation between these parameters ( Salah, 2008 ). Ditto ( Sturkie, 2000 ) suggest that the thrombocytes are cells belonging to the erythrocyte series and this explain the it ' s parallel increase with the increase in RBCs this will go in agreement with Salah ( 2008 ) who revealed a positive significant correlation between RBCs and thrombocytes Ditto, (Salah, 2008 ) revealed a negative significant correlation between thrombocytes and clotting time in broiler breeders males treated with fenugreek seeds . Table 1: Effect of Fenugreek seeds on some biochemical parameters in broiler breeders male serum.