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Thirteen different soil samples near the rhizosphere were collected from different places in Mosul city/ Iraq. Sixty six different bacterial isolates were isolated from these samples. After testing the capability of each one of these isolates in antagonizing some pathogenic fungi we had 7 different bacterial isolates with an antifungal activities. They were designated as AF1-AF7. An identification of these bacteria was done, and Comparison of the Bioeffect of Different Locally Isolated Antifungal Bacteria. 71 they appeared to belong to different Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Paenibacillus. The antifungal activities of these bacteria were compared between each other on the pathogenic fungi Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus. The results showed that there is a high probability of isolating different potent antifungal bacteria from the non root-associated soils (and they could be used as potent biological control agent instead of harmful chemicals). The isolates AF3 and AF7 were the most active isolates against the test fungi because of their high inhibition zones and they were belonged to Gram Positive bacteria Paenibacillus and Bacillus respectively, and the inhibition was due to the production of antifungal metabolites or antibiotics. Introduction Most of the important cereal crops in the world are prone to many soil-borne plant pathogens that reduce the quality and quantity of grain production (1). Fungi are the primary causes of grain loss, and some of them produce compounds that are toxic when consumed (2). Fungal diseases of plants are usually controlled by some combination of cultural practices, including the use of fungicides, and increasing the plant host resistance. Fungicides are the primary means of fungal disease control, but their use is currently controversial because investigation have indicated potentially undesirable environmental side effects (3). Due to environmental concerns, there is a considerable interest in finding alternatives to chemical pesticides for suppression of soil borne plant pathogens. Biological control represents an attractive alternative for the future because of the many concerns about the pesticides use. Ideally, an agent of biological control of fungal root pathogens should exert a sufficient amount of antagonistic activity in the rhizosphere to significantly reduction in root disease symptoms (4).It was mentioned by many researches that the soil, especially the rhizosphre, contains different kinds of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative) that positively affect the plant, especially by antagonizing the soil borne plant pathogenic fungi (5,6,7,and 8). According to this we aimed in this study to isolate (and to know) different types of bacteria from the non-rhizosphere soils that have antifungal activities toward different plant and human pathogenic fungi (they might be used as good biological control agent) and to compare the antifungal activity between each one of these bacteria. Materials and Methods Test fungi: The Plant pathogens Penicillum nalgiovense, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, and one human fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger were obtained from Biology Department/ College of Science/University of Mosul/Iraq. Omar Mu'ayad Al-Obaidy 72 Collection of samples: Thirteen different soil samples (garden soils) were collected from different places in Mosul city, garden soil samples of Al-Faesalia region (3 samples), Al-Zuhoor region (3 samples), Al-Muthana region (4 samples), and garden soils of Mosul University (3 samples).The soil samples were taken from places that are near the rhizosphere of garden plants (the non root-associated soil samples). Isolation of bacteria: One gram of each soil sample was putted in 9ml of sterilized distilled water then serial dilutions were done for each soil sample, and 0.1 ml of the dilutions 10 -4 and 10 -5 of each sample was cultured on 9cm Petri dish containing nutrient agar and incubated at 30 0 C for 24 hour. The effect of the growing colonies colonies were tested against test fungi separately. The antifungal bacterial isolates were subcultured on nutrient agar slants for identification in which several morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests were done to identify these bacteria and their effects were tested against different pathogenic fungi. Antifungal bioassay test : In order to examine the antagonistic properties of bacterial isolates against phytopathogenic fungi, and according to Kobayashi et al.,2000 and Gupta et al.,2001 (9 and 10), an agar block (5 mm diameter) of 5day-old culture of fungal pathogen was placed in the centre of plate containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) (or Sabouraud dextrose agar in the case of human pathogenic fungi) (5). A loopful of 24-h-old culture of the each of the isolated bacterium was inoculated at 2 cm juxtaposed to the pathogen. Some plates were left without inoculation of the bacteria to serve as a control. The plates were incubated at 28± 1 ̊C for 5 days and inhibition of fungal growth was measured. Results and Discussion Isolation of antifungal bacteria: From thirteen different soil samples that were taken from different places in Mosul city, sixty six different bacterial isolates were obtained. Each one of these bacterial isolates was preliminary tested against the fungus Alternaria alternata .Seven different bacterial isolates showed an antifungal activities at first toward Alternaria alternata and later when tested against other fungi, and they were designated as AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, AF5, AF6, and AF7. Identification of bacterial isolates: The antifungal bacterial isolates were subjected to several morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests to identify them (11 and 12), and the results were as follow: Comparison of the Bioeffect of Different Locally Isolated Antifungal Bacteria. 73 AF1, AF2,AF4,AF5, and AF6 isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp. AF3 and AF7 were identified as Paenibacillus spp. and Bacillus spp.