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Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are tick-borne rickettsial diseases that cause significant economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Although bovine anaplasmosis is known to be endemic in the Philippines, epidemiological data is fragmented. Moreover, little is known about bovine ehrlichiosis in the country. In this study, the prevalence of  Anaplasma marginale  and  Ehrlichia  in cattle and water buffalo from provinces in the southern part of Luzon, Philippines, was investigated through PCR. Blood samples from 620 animals comprised of 512 cattle and 108 water buffalo and 195 tick samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting the  groESL  gene of Anaplasmataceae. Positive samples were further subjected to another nested PCR and conventional PCR to amplify the  A. marginale groEL  gene and the  Ehrlichia dsbA  gene, respectively. Selected  A. marginale -positive samples were also subjected to nested PCR targeting the  msp5  gene. Regardless of the animal host, the overall prevalence in blood samples obtained was 51.9% for Anaplasmataceae, 43% for  A. marginale , and 1.1% for  Ehrlichia . No water buffalo were positive for  Ehrlichia . Meanwhile, 15.9, 6.7, and 2% of the tick samples, all morphologically identified as  Rhipicephalus  ( Boophilus )  microplus , were positive for Anaplasmataceae,  A. marginale , and  Ehrlichia , respectively. Sequence analysis of selected  A. marginale msp5  amplicons showed that the isolates from the region share 94–98% identity to reported  A. marginale  from other countries. The phylogenetic tree showed clustering of isolates in the region and a close relationship with  A. marginale  isolates from other countries. Sequences of  Ehrlichia  amplicons from cattle and ticks were 97–100% similar to reported  Ehrlichia minasensis  isolates. This study showed the high prevalence of  A. marginale  in Luzon, Philippines, and provided the first molecular evidence of  E. minasensis  in the country.

frontiers in veterinary science

Molecular Prevalence of Anaplasma marginale and Ehrlichia in Domestic Large Ruminants and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Ticks From Southern Luzon, Philippines