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Echinococcus multilocularis  is a zoonotic tapeworm with great medical significance. In  E. multilocularis -infected mice, parasite-derived let-7-5p (emu-let-7-5p) is present in the sera, but its role remains unclear. Using qPCR, ELISA and flow cytometry, the immunomodulatory effects of emu-let-7-5p were  in vitro  investigated using RAW264.7 macrophages. Compared with the control, emu-let-7-5p significantly downregulated IL-1α ( p  < 0.05), but anti-inflammatory cytokine genes remained to be stably expressed in the treated macrophages. Moreover, significantly decreased expression of  ripk1  and  nf-kB , key components in the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, was also observed in the emu-let-7-5p-transfected cells ( p  < 0.05). Furthermore, CD40 was upregulated in these transfected cells ( p  < 0.05), while CD86, CD54 and CD80 remained unchanged compared that in the control. These results demonstrate a property of emu-let-7-5p in regulation of immune functions of macrophages, making it be possibly involved in the pathogen-host interplay during  E. multilocularis  infection.

Modulatory Effects of Echinococcus multilocularis emu-let-7-5p on the Immunological Functions of RAW264.7 Macrophages