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The crossbreeding of Swamp and River type buffalo breeds is practiced for the improvement of milk yield and reproductive performance in swamp buffalo herds. This study aimed to modify the Ovsynch synchronization protocol (GPG) and improve the fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) for better reproductive performance of crossbred buffaloes. Comparison of four conventional synchronization protocols [pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin F 2 α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (PmPG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin F 2 α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GPG), prostaglandin F 2 α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone-prostaglandin F 2 α-estradiol benzoate (PGPE), and progesterone-pregnant mare gonadotropin-prostaglandin F 2 α-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (P 4 PmPG)] in crossbred buffaloes showed that the GPG protocol treated buffaloes displayed higher ( P  < 0.05) estrus response with an increasing tendency in ovulation (84.6%) and pregnancy rates (30.8%) than PmPG, PGPE, and P 4 PmPG treated buffaloes. Buffaloes treated with a dose of 0.4 (mg/kg) mifepristone combined with GPG, exhibited higher ( P  < 0.05) estrous response (82.4%), ovulation (94.1%), and pregnancy (47.1%) rates compared with other doses (0, 0.3, or 0.5 mg/kg) groups. Injection of mifepristone along second GnRH injection in buffaloes improved ( P  < 0.05) pregnancy rate (35.3%) when compared to before or after the second GnRH of GPG protocol. Single AI after 24 h of mifepristone or second GnRH injection seems the best time to enhance the pregnancy rates in buffaloes compared to double or other single AI times in the modified GPGMH protocol. In comparison, GPGMH reduced the follicular cyst incidence ( P  < 0.05) with increasing ovulation ( P  > 0.05) and pregnancy rates ( P  > 0.05) than the P 4 GPG and GPG protocols in crossbred buffaloes. The current study supported that new synchronization protocol (modified of GPG protocol; GPGMH) by the inclusion of mifepristone (with a dose of 0.4 mg/kg along second GnRH), AI after 24 h of mifepristone or second GnRH, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG at day 5 of AI) enhance the ovulation and pregnancy rates in crossbred buffaloes.

GPGMH, a New Fixed Timed-AI Synchronization Regimen for Swamp and River Crossbred Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)