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This study was to investigate the impact of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the gut microbiota in the healthy piglets and the piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Forty seven-day-old piglets were allocated into four groups: control group, NAC group (supplemented with 50 mg/kg body weight NAC), PEDV group (inoculated with 10 4.5  TCID 50  PEDV), and PEDV+NAC group (PEDV infection + NAC supplementation). The intestinal content was collected for DNA extraction and Illumina sequencing. The PEDV-infected piglets displayed distinct bacterial communities compared to the healthy piglets. PEDV infection decreased the abundance of  Shigella  and increased the abundance of  Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, Anaerovibrio, Helicobacter , unclassified  Lachnospiraceae , and  Sutterella ; affected several functions associated with metabolism, barrier, and immune. NAC supplementation decreased the abundance of unclassified  Rikenellaceae  and increased the abundance of  Lactobacillus, Streptococcus , and  Enterococcus  in the healthy piglets, decreased the abundance of  Oscillospira  and  Prevotella  and increased the abundance of  Lactobacillus  in the PEDV-infected piglets; altered multiple functions involving in amino acid metabolism, cell signaling, cellular community, disease-related pathways, endocrine, and excretory system. In conclusion, PEDV infection caused severe dysbiosis of gut microbiome, whereas NAC supplementation played a positive role in regulating the gut microbiome during PEDV infection. Therefore, substances that can regulate gut microbiota could be ideal candidates to prevent or treat PEDV infection.

Impact of N-Acetylcysteine on the Gut Microbiota in the Piglets Infected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus