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Raillietiella orientalis  is an obligate, crustacean parasite that resides in the respiratory tract of definitive snake hosts. Common throughout southeastern Asia and Australia,  R. orientalis  is believed to have been introduced into southern Florida, United States along with Burmese pythons ( Python bivittatus ) in the 1990s. While the invasive range of Burmese pythons is restricted to southern Florida,  R. orientalis  has advanced north in the state in native snake species.  R. orientalis  were recovered from the lungs, trachea, oral cavity, and esophagus of an emaciated adult female free-ranging banded water snake ( Nerodia fasciata ) in north central (Alachua County), Florida, USA. Concurrent findings included the recovery of  Ochetosoma  sp. trematodes from the oral cavity, and multifocal dermal lesions consistent with snake fungal disease ( Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola ). This is the first report of  R. orientalis  in north central Florida, well outside the invasive range of the Burmese python, documenting the substantial northward expansion of the known geographical range of this invasive pentastome in Florida.

frontiers in veterinary science

Case Report: Invasive Pentastomes, Raillietiella orientalis (Sambon, 1922), in a Free-Ranging Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata) in North Central Florida, USA