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Avian tuberculosis is a chronic, contagious zoonotic disease affecting birds, mammals, and humans. The disease is most often caused by  Mycobacterium avium  spp.  avium  ( MAA ). Strain resources are important for research on avian tuberculosis and vaccine development. However, there has been little reported about the newly identified  MAA  strain in recent years in China. In this study, a new strain was isolated from a fowl with symptoms of avian tuberculosis by bacterial culture. The isolated strain was identified to be  MAA  by culture, staining, and biochemical and genetic analysis, except for different colony morphology. The isolated strain was Ziehl-Zeelsen staining positive, resistant to p-nitrobenzoic acid, and negative for niacin production, Tween-80 hydrolysis, heat stable catalase and nitrate production. The strain had the DnaJ gene, IS 1245 , and IS 901 , as well. Serum agglutination indicated that the  MAA  strain was of serotype 1. The  MAA  strain showed strong virulence  via  mortality in rabbits and chickens. The prepared tuberculin of the  MAA  strain had similar potency compared to the  MAA  reference strain and standard tuberculin  via  a tuberculin skin test. Our studies suggested that this  MAA  strain tends to be a novel subtype, which might enrich the strain resource of avian tuberculosis.

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a New Highly Pathogenic Field Isolate of Mycobacterium avium spp. avium