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The obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium  Chlamydia psittaci  often causes avian chlamydiosis and influenza-like symptoms in humans. However, the commercial subunit  C. psittaci  vaccine could only provide a partial protection against avian chlamydiosis due to poor cellular immune response. In our previous study, a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT)-delivered vaccine against  C. psittaci  and Marek’s disease based on human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (rHVT-CMV- pmpD ) was developed and provided an effective protection against  C. psittaci  disease with less lesions and reduced chlamydial loads. In this study, we developed another recombinant HVT vaccine expressing the N-terminal fragment of PmpD (PmpD-N) based on human elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) promoter (rHVT-EF- pmpD ) by modifying the HVT genome within a bacterial artificial chromosome. The related characterization of rHVT-EF- pmpD  was evaluated  in vitro  in comparison with that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD . The expression of PmpD-N was determined by western blot. Under immunofluorescence microscopy, PmpD-N protein of both two recombinant viruses was located in the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. Growth kinetics of rHVT-EF- pmpD  was comparable to that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD , and the growth rate of rHVT-EF- pmpD  was apparently higher than that of rHVT-CMV- pmpD  on 48, 72, and 120 h postinfection. Macrophages activated by rHVT-EF- pmpD  could produce more nitric oxide and IL-6 than that activated by rHVT-CMV- pmpD . In this study, a recombinant HVT vaccine expressing PmpD-N based on EF-1α promoter was constructed successfully, and a further research  in vivo  was needed to analyze the vaccine efficacy.

A Promising Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkeys Vaccine Expressing PmpD-N of Chlamydia psittaci Based on Elongation Factor-1 Alpha Promoter