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Robotic thoracic surgery for pulmonary lobectomy was introduced at our unit in 2015, along with enhanced perioperative patient care pathways. We evaluated the effect of this practice change on short-term outcomes. Data on all adult patients who underwent a lobectomy in our unit between 2015 and 2019 were obtained retrospectively from our surgical database. Patients fell into three groups: conventional open surgery via thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS). Survival was defined as survival to discharge. Our cohort included 722 patients. Three hundred and ninety-two patients (54.3%) underwent an open operation, 259 patients (35.9%) underwent VATS surgery, and 71 patients (9.8%) underwent a robotic procedure. Comparing these surgical approaches, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of post-operative complications ( p  = 0.15) as well as the incidence of wound infections, arrhythmias, prolonged air leaks, respiratory failure, or ICU readmissions. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in survival to discharge ( p  = 0.66). However, patients who had a VATS procedure were less likely to develop a post-operative chest infection ( p  = 0.01). Evaluating our practice over time, we found a decrease in the overall incidence of post-operative complications ( p  = 0.01) with an improvement in survival to discharge ( p  = 0.02). In our experience, VATS lobectomy was associated with a lower incidence of post-operative chest infections. However, the limitations of our study must be considered; factors such as patient selection that may have had a substantial impact. The culture change associated with adoption of a VATS and robotic surgical programme appears to have corresponded with an improved survival to discharge for all lobectomy patients, irrespective of surgical approach. Perioperative care may therefore have a more significant impact on outcomes than technical considerations.

frontiers in surgery

The Importance of Culture Change Associated With Novel Surgical Approaches and Innovation: Does Perioperative Care Transcend Technical Considerations for Pulmonary Lobectomy?