English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Wide applications of glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in rice paddy fields could lead to their residues in environment, posing adverse effects on rice growth and primary producers in the rice ecosystem. This research aims to determine the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate and 2,4-D commercial formulations on  Nostoc  sp. N1 and rice seedlings. The effects of herbicides on  Nostoc  sp. N1 were measured from the growth and acute toxicity. The germination and growth were used to determine the effects of herbicides on rice seedlings by measuring their physical and biochemical characteristics. Results showed that while glyphosate had higher toxicity than 2,4-D, both herbicides could stimulate the growth of  Nostoc  sp. N1 as indicated by their increase in biomass and chlorophyll a content. In Petri dish experiments,  Nostoc  sp. N1 cells not only promoted the germination of rice seedlings when added alone, but they also alleviated the toxicity of both herbicides to the rice seedlings. In pot experiments, the addition of  Nostoc  sp. N1 cells combined with herbicides promoted the biochemical characteristics of the rice seedlings by increasing the total chlorophyll, carotenoid and total amino acid content. Our results suggested that environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate and 2,4-D formulations should not pose any adverse effects on  Nostoc  sp. N1. Also, with their toxicity-mitigating and growth-promoting effects on rice seedlings,  Nostoc  sp. N1 cells could be applied in the alleviation of herbicide residue toxicity in paddy fields.

Impact of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Glyphosate and 2,4-D Commercial Formulations on Nostoc sp. N1 and Oryza sativa L. Rice Seedlings