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This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the horizontal and vertical force-velocity profile between female sprinters and hurdlers. Twelve high-level athletes (6 sprinters and 6 hurdlers) participated in this investigation. The testing procedures consisted of two maximal 40-m sprints and five to six vertical jumps with additional loads. For the sprint-acceleration performance, the velocity-time data, recorded by a high-speed camera, was used to calculate the variables of the horizontal F-V profile (theoretical maximal values of force [ HZT-F  0 ], velocity [ HZT-V  0 ], power [ HZT-Pmax ], the proportion of the theoretical maximal effectiveness of force application in the antero-posterior direction [ RFmax ], and the rate of decrease in the ratio of horizontal force [ DRF ]). The best trial of each vertical jumping condition, obtained by an optical measurement system, was used to determine the components of the vertical F-V profile (theoretical maximal values of force [ VTC-F  0 ], velocity [ VTC-V  0 ], and power [ VTC-Pmax ]). The female sprinters showed higher statistical differences for  HZT-Pmax  (2.46 ± 0.67,  d  = 2.1,  p  = 0.004),  HZT-V  0  (0.45 ± 0.18,  d  = 1.4,  p  = 0.03), and  RFmax%  (2.9 ± 0.9%,  d  = 1.8,  p  = 0.01) than female hurdlers. No statistical differences were observed for  HZT-F  0  (0.69 ± 0.3,  d  = 1.15,  p  = 0.07),  DRF%  (−0.24 ± 0.4%,  d  = 0.3,  p  = 0.62),  VTC-F  0  (−2.1 ± 3.8,  d  = 0.3,  p  = 0.59),  VTC-V  0  (0.25 ± 0.31,  d  = 0.5,  p  = 0.45), and  VTC-Pmax  (1.75 ± 2.5,  d  = 0.4,  p  = 0.5). Female sprinters are able to apply higher horizontally-oriented forces onto the ground during the acceleration phase than female hurdlers.

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Differences in the Force Velocity Mechanical Profile and the Effectiveness of Force Application During Sprint-Acceleration Between Sprinters and Hurdlers