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The extreme space weather conditions resulting from high energetic eventslikes solar flares and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) demand for reliable spaceweather forecasting. The magnetic flux tubes while rising through theconvection zone gets twisted by the turbulent plasma flows, energizing thesystem and resulting in flares. We investigate the relationship between thesubsurface plasma flows associated with flaring active regions and theirsurface magnetic flux and current helicity. The near-surface horizontalvelocities derived from the ring-diagram analysis of active region patchesusing Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Doppler velocity measurements areused to compute the fluid dynamics descriptors like vertical divergence,vorticity and kinetic helicity used in this work. The flaring active regionsare observed to have large value of vertical vorticity and kinetic helicity.Also, the horizontal flow divergence, vorticity, flux, kinetic and currenthelicities are observed to be significantly correlated and evolve in phase witheach other. We observe that the integrated values of the above flow andmagnetic parameters observed one day prior to the flare are significantlycorrelated with the integrated flare intensity of the active region. Hence, weshow that strong vorticity/kinetic helicities lead to larger active regiontwisting, presumably generating high-intensity flares.

Sub-surface Plasma Flows and the Flare Productivity of Solar Active Regions