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Turbulence and kinetic processes in magnetized space plasmas have beenextensively investigated over the past decades via \emph{in-situ} spacecraftmeasurements, theoretical models and numerical simulations. In particular,multi-point high-resolution measurements from the \emph{Cluster} and \emph{MMS}space missions brought to light an entire new world of processes, taking placeat the plasma kinetic scales, and exposed new challenges for their theoreticalinterpretation. A long-lasting debate concerns the nature of ion and electronscale fluctuations in solar-wind turbulence and their dissipation viacollisionless plasma mechanisms. Alongside observations, numerical simulationshave always played a central role in providing a test ground for existingtheories and models. In this Perspective, we discuss the advances achieved withour 3D3V (reduced and fully) kinetic simulations, as well as the main questionsleft open (or raised) by these studies. To this end, we combine data from ourrecent kinetic simulations of both freely decaying and continuously drivenfluctuations to assess the similarities and/or differences in the properties ofplasma turbulence in the sub-ion range. Finally, we discuss possible futuredirections in the field and highlight the need to combine different types ofnumerical and observational approaches to improve the understanding ofturbulent space plasmas.

Kinetic plasma turbulence: recent insights and open questions from 3D3V simulations