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Over the last 10 years, we have seen a growing interest in the usage of psychophysiology–i.e., examining physiological signals, such as electrodermal activity, heart rate, and electroencephalography, to study psychological phenomena–in Virtual Reality (VR) psychological research. The change is reflected in a rise in Google Scholar query results—from 811 in 2009 to 2,500 in 2019. This increase reveals a significant shift in the methodology of this field where both direct (e.g., questionnaires) and indirect measures of users’ experience (e.g., psychophysiology) are used. At the same time, research interest in the social applications of VR technology (i.e., using VR to communicate, interact, and stay in presence of agents/avatars) has been consistently growing (discussion: Churchill et al., 2012). The opinions on the usage of psychophysiology in VR research vary from enthusiastic (e.g., Blascovich et al., 2002; Meehan et al., 2002; Wiederhold and Rizzo, 2005; Bombari et al., 2015; Kisker et al., 2019) to reserved (e.g., Slater, 2004; Friedman et al., 2005; Llobera et al., 2010, p. 11). In this paper, we reflect on this polarization, discussing the possible advantages, limitations, and future directions of this methodology in the context of building impactful VR communication platforms.

Psychophysiology in Studying VR-Mediated Interactions: Panacea or a Trick? Valuable Applications, Limitations, and Future Directions