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The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) captures the essential physics ofnonequilibrium quantum phase transitions with symmetry breaking. KZM predicts auniversal scaling power law for the defect density which is fully determined bythe system's critical exponents at equilibrium and the quenching rate. Weexperimentally tested the KZM for the simplest quantum case, a single qubitunder the Landau-Zener evolution, on an open access IBM quantum computer(IBM-Q). We find that for this simple one-qubit model, experimental datavalidates the central KZM assumption of the adiabatic-impulse approximation fora well isolated qubit. Furthermore, we report on extensive IBM-Q experiments onindividual qubits embedded in different circuit environments and topologies,separately elucidating the role of crosstalk between qubits and the increasingdecoherence effects associated with the quantum circuit depth on the KZMpredictions. Our results strongly suggest that increasing circuit depth acts asa decoherence source, producing a rapid deviation of experimental data fromtheoretical unitary predictions.

Experimental validation of the Kibble-Zurek Mechanism on a Digital Quantum Computer