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Objective:  Precise segmentation of human organs and anatomic structures (especially organs at risk, OARs) is the basis and prerequisite for the treatment planning of radiation therapy. In order to ensure rapid and accurate design of radiotherapy treatment planning, an automatic organ segmentation technique was investigated based on deep learning convolutional neural network.    Method  A deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm called BCDU-Net has been modified and developed further by us. Twenty two thousand CT images and the corresponding organ contours of 17 types delineated manually by experienced physicians from 329 patients were used to train and validate the algorithm. The CT images randomly selected were employed to test the modified BCDU-Net algorithm. The weight parameters of the algorithm model were acquired from the training of the convolutional neural network.    Result  The average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of the automatic segmentation and manual segmentation of the human organs of 17 types reached 0.8376, and the best coefficient reached up to 0.9676. It took 1.5–2 s and about 1 h to automatically segment the contours of an organ in an image of the CT dataset for a patient and the 17 organs for the CT dataset with the method developed by us, respectively.    Conclusion  The modified deep neural network algorithm could be used to automatically segment human organs of 17 types quickly and accurately. The accuracy and speed of the method meet the requirements of its application in radiotherapy.

Artificial Intelligence Radiotherapy Planning: Automatic Segmentation of Human Organs in CT Images Based on a Modified Convolutional Neural Network