English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background:  Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) is a public health threat and a major cause of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of MRSA isolates from 2015 to 2017 and to characterize the major MRSA clones and anti-biogram trends in Palestine.   Methodology:  Isolates were obtained from 112 patients admitted to different hospitals of West Bank and East Jerusalem, originating from different clinical sources. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette  mec  (SCC mec ) typing, and  Staphylococcus aureus  protein A ( spa ) typing were determined. Also, a panel of toxin genes and virulence factors was studied, including: Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), ACME- arc A, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1), and Exfoliative Toxin A (ETA).   Results:  Of the 112 confirmed MRSA isolates, 100% were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance rates to other non- β-lactam classes were as the following: 18.8% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 23.2% were resistant to gentamicin, 34.8% to clindamycin, 39.3% to ciprofloxacin, and 63.4% to erythromycin. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). Of all isolates, 32 isolates (28.6%) were multidrug- resistant (MDR). The majority of the isolates were identified as SCC mec  type IV (86.6%). The molecular typing identified 29  spa  types representing 12 MLST-clonal complexes (CC). The most prevalent  spa  types were:  spa  type t386 (CC1)/(12.5%),  spa  type t044 (CC80)/(10.7%),  spa  type t008 (CC8)/(10.7%), and  spa  type t223 (CC22)/(9.8%). PVL toxin gene was detected in (29.5%) of all isolates, while ACME- arcA  gene was present in 18.8% of all isolates and 23.2% had the TSST-1 gene. The two most common  spa  types among the TSST-1positive isolates were the  spa  type t223 (CC22)/(Gaza clone) and the  spa  type t021 (CC30)/(South West Pacific clone). All isolates with the  spa  type t991 were ETA positive (5.4%). USA-300 clone ( spa  type t008, positive for PVL toxin gene and ACME- arcA  genes) was found in nine isolates (8.0%).   Conclusions:  Our results provide insights into the epidemiology of MRSA strains in Palestine. We report a high diversity of MRSA strains among hospitals in Palestine, with frequent SCC mec  type IV carriage. The four prominent clones detected were: t386-IV/ CC1, the European clone (t044/CC80), Gaza clone (t223/CC22), and the USA-300 clone (t008/CC8).

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in West Bank-Palestine