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Among the more than 70 different  Vibrio  species inhabiting marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, 12 are recognized as human pathogens. The warm subtropical climate of the Black Sea coastal area and inland regions of Georgia likely provides a favorable environment for various  Vibrio  species. From 2006 to 2009, the abundance, ecology, and diversity of clinically important  Vibrio  species were studied in different locations in Georgia and across seasons. Over a 33-month period, 1,595 presumptive  Vibrio  isolates were collected from the Black Sea ( n  = 657) and freshwater lakes around Tbilisi ( n  = 938). Screening of a subset of 440 concentrated and enriched water samples by PCR-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI/MS) detected the presence of DNA from eight clinically important  Vibrio  species:  V. cholerae ,  V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, V. metschnikovii , and  V. cincinnatiensis . Almost 90% of PCR/ESI-MS samples positive for  Vibrio species  were collected from June through November. Three important human-pathogenic  Vibrio  species ( V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus , and  V. vulnificus ) were detected in 62.8, 37.8, and 21.4% of samples testing positive for  Vibrios , respectively. The results of these activities suggest that natural reservoirs for human-pathogenic  Vibrios  exist in Georgian aquatic environments. Water temperature at all sampling sites was positively correlated with the abundance of clinically important  Vibrio  spp. (except  V. metschnikovii ), and salinity was correlated with species composition at particular Black Sea sites as well as inland reservoirs.

Occurrence and Diversity of Clinically Important Vibrio Species in the Aquatic Environment of Georgia