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Knowledge of vector insect species, their habitat, and geographical distribution is crucial for determining the risk of transmission of the etiological agents that cause disease in humans, which allows defining strategies for prevention, surveillance, and control in line with the characteristics of each area.   Objective:  To determine the presence and public health importance of vectors of Chagas disease in the indigenous settlements of Marbacella and El Horno of the Wayúu ethnic group in the municipality of Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia.   Materials and Methods:  From active search, installation and inspection of biosensors, and occasional catches, Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatomini were collected intra and in the peridomicile housing of the indigenous settlements of El Horno and Marbacella of the Wayúu ethnic group. Indices of intra and peridomestic infestation, colonization, density, dispersion, and natural infection with  Trypanosoma cruzi  Chagas, 1909 were calculated.   Results:  79.6% ( n  = 90) of the specimens were collected in the peridomicile and 20.3% ( n  = 23) in the intradomicile, all corresponding to  Triatoma maculata  (Erichson, 1848). The natural infection indices with  T. cruzi  accounted for 43.5% for Marbacella and 36% for El Horno.   Conclusion:  This is the first reported capture of individuals of  T. maculata , considered a secondary vector of Chagas disease in Colombia, naturally infected with  T. cruzi  in the municipality of Riohacha expanding the geographical distribution of the species in the department of La Guajira.

First Record of Triatoma maculata (Erichson, 1848) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatomini) in the Municipality of Riohacha, La Guajira â€“ Colombia