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Background  Numerous studies have confirmed that long-term shift work is not only associated with increased health problems and acute impact on safety but also with impaired cognitive abilities. However, very little is known about effects of shift work on cognition-related brain resting-state networks. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of shift work disorder (SWD) on granger causality connection among resting-state brain networks.    Methods  Thirty patients with SWD and 25 matched healthy subjects were recruited to undergo the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and resting-state fMRI scanning. We employed independent component analysis (ICA) to extract resting-state brain networks and granger causality analysis (GCA) to characterize the difference of granger causality connection among cognition-related resting-state brain networks.    Results  Compared with healthy subjects, patients with SWD showed impairments on the attention and immediate memory. Seven resting-state brain networks were identified, and patients with SWD showed more numerous granger causality connections in comparison with healthy subjects. Two-sample  t  test results showed that there were significantly increased inflows from the anterior default mode network (aDMN) to sensorimotor network (SMN) and left frontoparietal network (LFPN) to salience network (SN). Correlation analyses showed that the increased inflows from aDMN to SMN were negatively associated with the score of attention, while LFPN to SN were negatively associated with the score of visuospatial/constructional ability.    Conclusions  This study indicates that SWD impairs cognitive performance, and the specific intrinsic brain granger causality connectivity among resting-state networks in SWD patients is affected after long-term shift works.

Assessing Cognitive Abilities of Patients With Shift Work Disorder: Insights From RBANS and Granger Causality Connections Among Resting-State Networks