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Aim:  To explore changes in psychological states in response to a bout of high aerobic intensity training (HIT) in patients with depression or schizophrenia compared to healthy individuals.   Methods:  After familiarization training of HIT, 20 patients with schizophrenia, 13 patients with depression, and 20 healthy individuals performed a no-training day followed by a training day. HIT was 4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% of peak heart rate, intermitted by 3 min active rest periods at 70% of peak heart rate. Self-evaluation questionnaires of positive affect, negative affect, state anxiety, well-being, distress, and fatigue were completed before training, 15 min after, and 3 h after training. The two latter measures were also completed the no-training day.   Results:  All three groups improved in positive affect and well-being 15 min after HIT ( p  < 0.01), but only patients with depression had maintained the effect after 3 h ( p  = 0.007,  p  = 0.012). The duration of the improved positive affect was longer in depression ( p  = 0.002) and schizophrenia ( p  = 0.025) than in healthy individuals ( F  2.50  = 5.83,  p  < 0.01). Patients with depression or schizophrenia had reduced distress and state anxiety 15 min after HIT and 3 h after HIT ( p  < 0.05). The improvement in distress 15 min after HIT was larger in patients with depression ( p  = 0.028) compared to healthy individuals ( F  2.50  = 5.05,  p  < 0.01). No changes were found during the no-training day ( p  > 0.05).   Conclusion:  High aerobic intensity training used as an acute intervention improved positive affect and well-being and reduced distress and state anxiety in patients with depression and schizophrenia.   ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:  NCT01310998.

High Aerobic Intensity Training and Psychological States in Patients with Depression or Schizophrenia