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Based on its prevalence, there is an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms, opportunities and risks of  sexual interaction in digital contexts  (SIDC) that are related with sexual arousal. While there is a growing body of literature on SIDC, there is also a lack of conceptual clarity and classification. Therefore, based on a conceptual analysis, we propose to distinguish between sexual interaction (1)  through , (2)  via , and (3)  with  digital technologies. (1) Sexual interactions  through  digital technologies are face-to-face sexual interactions that (a) have been started digitally (e.g., people initiating face-to-face sexual encounters through adult dating apps) or (b) are accompanied by digital technology (e.g., couples augmenting their face-to-face sexual encounters through filming themselves during the act and publishing the amateur pornography online). (2) Sexual interactions  via  digital technology are technology-mediated interpersonal sexual interactions (e.g.,  via  text chat: cybersex;  via  smartphone: sexting;  via  webcam: webcam sex/camming). (3) Sexual interactions  with  digital technology occur when the technology itself has the role of an interaction partner (e.g., sexual interaction with a sex robot or with a media persona in pornography). The three types of SIDC and their respective subtypes are explained and backed up with empirical studies that are grouped according to two major mediators: consent and commerce. Regarding the causes and consequences of the three types of SIDC we suggest a classification that entails biological, psychological, social, economic, and technological factors. Regarding implications of SIDC we suggest to focus on both opportunities and risks for sexual health. The proposed conceptual framework of SIDC is meant to inform future research.

Sexual Interaction in Digital Contexts and Its Implications for Sexual Health: A Conceptual Analysis