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Previous research has revealed a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Norwegian smelter workers compared to average population controls. Nevertheless, respiratory protective equipment (RPE) is not always used, even in situations with high exposure risk. A questionnaire was distributed to workers in the Norwegian smelting industry to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and self-reported use of RPEs. Response rate was 567/1,253. A scale measuring  attitudes toward behavior  ( ATT ),  subjective norms  ( SN ),  perceived behavioral control  ( PBC ), and  behavioral intention  ( BI ) was constructed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior ( TPB ). Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analyses partially supported the theoretical structure of the  TPB -based scale, the Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) and the Short Scale for Safety Climate (SC). A model explaining the relationship between observed variables, latent constructs from  TPB , WEMS and SC was developed by SEM-analysis. Significant influence on  BI  from  ATT  (β = 0.31  p  < 0.01) , SN  (β = 0.36  p  < 0.01), and  SC  (β = 0.19,  p  < 0.01) emerged. Among the observed variables included, relationship status (β = −0.12  p  < 0.05), education level (β = 0.09,  p  < 0.05), previously completed respirator fit-testing (β = −0.09,  p  < 0.05) and average hours spent in exposed areas (β = −0.09)  p  < 0.05) had significant influence on behavioral intention. The model explained 48% of the variance in  BI. BI  and  PBC  significantly predicted  PB , with β = 0.65 and β = −0.06, respectively. Results of this investigation can help facilitate further work and development of health & safety routines within industrial settings.

frontiers in psychology

Predictors of Respiratory Protective Equipment Use in the Norwegian Smelter Industry: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior, Safety Climate, and Work Experience in Understanding Protective Behavior