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The aim of this study was to compare the non-linear properties of the four competitive swim strokes. Sixty-eight swimmers performed a set of maximal 4 × 25 m using the four competitive swim strokes. The hip's speed-data as a function of time was collected with a speedo-meter. The speed fluctuation ( dv ), approximate entropy ( ApEn ) and the fractal dimension by Higuchi's method ( D ) were computed. Swimming data exhibited non-linear properties that were different among the four strokes (14.048 ≤  dv  ≤ 39.722; 0.682 ≤  ApEn  ≤ 1.025; 1.823 ≤  D  ≤ 1.919). The  ApEn  showed the lowest value for front-crawl, followed by breaststroke, butterfly, and backstroke ( P  < 0.001). Fractal dimension and  dv  had the lowest values for front-crawl and backstroke, followed by butterfly and breaststroke ( P  < 0.001). It can be concluded that swimming data exhibits non-linear properties, which are different among the four competitive swimming strokes.

Comparison of Classical Kinematics, Entropy, and Fractal Properties As Measures of Complexity of the Motor System in Swimming