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Within cognitive psychology it is widely accepted that the human visual system represents the numerical sameness of objects. In particular, we are able to perceive an object as being the same despite movement and qualitative changes (Pylyshyn, 2007). Empirical research concerning visual sameness has focused on the conditions under which sameness is perceived (Odic et al., 2012) and the nature of mechanisms engaged in representing sameness (Makovski and Jiang, 2009).However, the relation of visual sameness itself has not attracted as much attention and no detailed description of this relation is yet available. One of the most important questions is whether this relation can be understood as classical identity, and thus whether it is an equivalence relation, i.e., reflexive (object is the same as itself), symmetric (if A is the same as B, then B is the same as A), and transitive (if A is the same as B and B is the same as C, then A is the same as C).While the topic of relationsu0027 formal properties is not completely alien to psychological research—see classical investigations by Tversky (1977) or more recent by Rips (2011)—there are no investigations that address the equivalence of visual sameness.Despite this research gap, I intend to show that results of some psychological works can be interpreted as having a high relevance for the question of equivalence. I demonstrate this by analyzing a study by Drew et al. (2013) that is not explicitly concerned with the equivalence of visual sameness, but in fact has important implications for this question.

Commentary: Swapping or Dropping? Electrophysiological Measures of Difficulty during Multiple Object Tracking