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Scoring protocols are summary statistics aggregating individual test or subscale scores to yield an overall informative measure. For the questionnaires used to assess the constructs postulated in the organismic integration sub-theory of self-determination motivation theory—in this sub-theory motivation is conceptualized as a continuum with polar and intermediate types of motivation that vary in the extent to which they are internal or external—, the scoring protocols are designed without taking into account the fact that intermediate motivation types may generally represent a mixture of internal as well as external motivation. Thus, in the process of weighting the subscale scores, the same weights are used in the protocols for the shares of internal and external motivation of a regulation type, thereby confounding the resulting overall measure, which therefore may lack interpretability. As a consequence, subsequent analyses based on such an aggregation measure may be distorted or erroneous. This can be important from a practical viewpoint, e.g., when investigating correlations of the measure with other more substantial variables of a theory or study.In this article, I use an example of a scoring function, the RAI (or SDI) index, commonplace in many areas of motivation research, to exemplify how adaptations can be made to accommodate biasing effects on the overall index value that may result from the confounding of internal and external motivation. The approach can even be generalized and applied to other scoring protocols, which can be adjusted for mixed or confounded internal and external motivation in an analogous manner, as exemplified in this article with the RAI index. Thus, I advocate adjusting for such effects by proper choice of a scoring protocol formula and of the weights used for the motivation types combined therein.

frontiers in psychology

Adjusting Potentially Confounded Scoring Protocols for Motivation Aggregation in Organismic Integration Theory: An Exemplification with the Relative Autonomy or Self-Determination Index